The Packard had perhaps the most legendary beginning
of any car. James Ward Packard, mechanical engineer, purchased a Winton
in 1898. Alexander Winton made good cars and extremely fast cars, but
the one he sold to Packard must have had many flaws because on its first
road trip the new car balked, stalled, and finally quit.
Packard was not a man to take this lightly. Returning
the car to its builder he engaged him in a furious argument. When the
flying sparks and thunder of verbal battle had reached their height,
Winton challenged Packard to build a better car. James Ward Packard not
only accepted the challenge but went to work immediately. One year later
in 1899 he and his brother William Dowd Packard originated a new
automobile company in Warren, Ohio, and released their first model, a
single cylinder buggy-type car.
The Packard brothers were after quality and
dependability and they proved the worth of their machines by entering
them in endurance tests. The Packard cars won many cross-country
reliability runs, but their early fame was secured by an out and out
racing model named the Gray Wolf. This machine was a four-cylinder
speedster with an aluminium body and a total weight of only 1,300
pounds. It appeared in 1904 and set many records, but its greatest
triumph was placing fourth in the 1904 Vanderbilt Cup race.
Incidentally, the Gray Wolf, in full racing trim, was available in
quantity to the public, a policy which made Packard one of the first
American firms to sell a pure racing model.
By this time the cars of the Packard brothers had,
for all practical purposes, completely eclipsed the earlier Wintons and
the challenge that was taken up in 1898 was fulfilled. James Ward
Packard had built a much finer car. But he did not stop there. He
continued to develop his large limousines, exciting luxury cars which
sold at comparatively high prices. Like Rolls-Royce the early Packards
had a distinctive flat radiator which slowly evolved into a classic
pointed shell.
In 1919 a Packard returned the Land Speed Record to
America. It was the first time since the 1906 Stanley Steamer that an
American car had travelled a measured mile faster than any other
earth-bound vehicle. With Ralph De Palma, the hero of Indianapolis,
sitting behind the powerful 12-cylinder engine, the big disc wheeled
machine sped across the hard sands of Daytona beach at a speed of 149
mph.
But Packard did not continue to pursue speed. After
this triumph the Packard corporation concentrated almost exclusively on
expensive passenger machines and by the 1930's was producing some of the
finest prestige cars. The big square bodies had a look of solid
elegance, and the straight-eight engines were fast and dependable.
However, in the 1930's competition grew fiercer and
the greater resources of General Motors slowly pushed Cadillac to the
fore. Their V-16 engine proved a better sales point than Packard's V-12
and the public followed the trend of counting cylinders rather than
judging performance. As the decade drew to a close Packard turned to the
production of a smaller but still handsome machine the 120. This happy
decision saved the firm, for now people of modest income could afford
the status-building name of Packard, and sales increased. Then World War
II intervened and ended all competition.
During World War II, Packard again built airplane
engines, licensing the Merlin engine from Rolls-Royce and simplifying
and improving it.
In the postwar period the Packard firm found itself
in a predicament. The smaller cars had become just about as large as the
Packard, and Cadillac was firmly entrenched as America's luxury machine.
By the 1950's sales had dropped drastically and Packard was finally
merged with the Studebaker corporation which continued the line for a
short time. But the Studebaker people were caught in the same economic
squeeze. They were forced to discontinue their own big car line,
dropping even the beautiful Raymond Loewy-designed cars. Eventually
Packard was dropped completely. The popular Studebaker Lark appeared
some years later; and the huge, powerful, handsome Packard was gone.
It was a pioneering car. Packard was the first
American production machine to use the H pattern for the gearshift; the
mechanically practical hypoid bevel gear system in the rear end;
two-tone paint jobs; and the greatest device of all, a steering wheel!
Yet the Packard outlasted most of its early contemporaries, and left a
host of classic cars for the collectors. To really savour the essence of
this fine old car, it is now necessary to "Ask The Man Who Owned One."